{ "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#compound-dataset", "name": "Halflife Labs Public Compound Reference Dataset", "version": "2026-06-13", "date_modified": "2026-06-13", "record_count": 44, "description": "Machine-readable pharmacokinetic reference statements from the public Halflife Labs compound profiles, with evidence labels, citations, revision dates, and explicit limitations.", "scope": "Reference statements only. 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Association of nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase mRNA expression in human adipose tissue and the plasma concentration of its product, 1-methylnicotinamide, with insulin resistance. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):408. PMID 29321551 . 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The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice. J Endocrinol. 2001;170(2):383–391. PMID 11566598. 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Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of BPC-157 in rats. Open PMC article .", "external_urls": [ "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9794587/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:bpc-157:source:ref-exp-bpc-2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/bpc-157/#ref-exp-bpc-2", "citation_text": "FDA. Certain bulk drug substances for use in compounding that may present significant safety risks. Open FDA page .", "external_urls": [ "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks" ] }, { "id": "hlc:bpc-157:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/bpc-157/#ref1", "citation_text": "[1] Xu P, et al. Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of BPC-157 in Rats After Subcutaneous Injection. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1061882. PMC9794587. 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Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in adults with overweight and obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2021;398(10300):576–588. PMID 34562347 .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34562347/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:cagrilintide:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/cagrilintide/#ref2", "citation_text": "Novo Nordisk. REDEFINE 1 trial results. CagriSema (cagrilintide 2.4 mg + semaglutide 2.4 mg) Phase 3. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05567796 .", "external_urls": [ "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05567796" ] }, { "id": "hlc:cagrilintide:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/cagrilintide/#ref3", "citation_text": "Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2502081. NEJM .", "external_urls": [ "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2502081" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/cagrilintide/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/cagrilintide/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-cagrilintide", "revision_date": "2026-05-01", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This is a population-level source statement, not a measured concentration or individualized prediction." }, { "id": "hlc:cjc-1295-no-dac", "name": "CJC-1295 (no DAC)", "aliases": [ "Modified GRF 1-29", "Mod GRF", "CJC-1295 without DAC" ], "category": "growth_hormone", "half_life_statement": "~30 min (community estimate)", "value_classification": "estimate_or_nonhuman", "administration_routes": "SC", "evidence_tier": "preclinical", "evidence_label": "Preclinical, inferred, community, or unresolved source", "source_summary": "No dedicated human PK study; estimate based on GHRH analog data", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2539395/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:cjc-1295-no-dac:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/cjc-1295-no-dac/#ref1", "citation_text": "Frohman LA, Downs TR, Heimer EP, Felix AM. Dipeptidylpeptidase IV and trypsin-like enzymatic degradation of human growth hormone-releasing hormone in plasma. J Clin Invest. 1989;83(5):1533–1540. PMID 2539395. (DPP-4 cleavage of GHRH — mechanism basis for CJC-1295 no DAC substitutions)", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2539395/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:cjc-1295-no-dac:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/cjc-1295-no-dac/#ref2", "citation_text": "Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799–805. PMID 16352683. (DAC form comparator — only published human CJC-1295 PK; no-DAC form not studied)", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/cjc-1295-no-dac/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/cjc-1295-no-dac/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-cjc-1295-no-dac", "revision_date": "unknown", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:cjc-1295-dac", "name": "CJC-1295 (with DAC)", "aliases": [ "CJC-1295 DAC", "Drug Affinity Complex CJC-1295" ], "category": "growth_hormone", "half_life_statement": "~140–194h (5.8–8.1 days)", "value_classification": "reported_human_or_label_value", "administration_routes": "SC", "evidence_tier": "clinical", "evidence_label": "Published human or clinical source", "source_summary": "Teichman et al., JCEM 2006, PMID 16352683", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/", "citations": [], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/cjc-1295-dac/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/cjc-1295-dac/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-cjc-1295-dac", "revision_date": "2026-05-01", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This is a population-level source statement, not a measured concentration or individualized prediction." }, { "id": "hlc:dsip", "name": "DSIP", "aliases": [ "Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide", "Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu" ], "category": "nootropic", "half_life_statement": "Reported ~30–40 min after human IV; human SC value unknown", "value_classification": "unknown_or_unresolved", "administration_routes": "SC / IV", "evidence_tier": "clinical", "evidence_label": "Published human or clinical source", "source_summary": "Graf and Kastin review, PMID 3520839; exact SC value unknown", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3520839/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:dsip:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/dsip/#ref1", "citation_text": "Graf MV, Kastin AJ. Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update. Peptides. 1986;7(6):1165–1187. PMID 3520839 .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3520839/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:dsip:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/dsip/#ref2", "citation_text": "Schoenenberger GA, Monnier M. Characterization of a delta-electroencephalogram-sleep-inducing peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1977;74(3):1282–1286. PMID 265576 .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/265576/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:dsip:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/dsip/#ref3", "citation_text": "Schneider-Helmert D. DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) in insomnia. Eur Neurol. 1985;24(3):158–163. PMID 2861600 .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2861600/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:dsip:source:ref4", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/dsip/#ref4", "citation_text": "Graf MV, Kastin AJ. Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1984;8(1):83–93. PMID 6144849 .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6144849/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/dsip/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/dsip/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-dsip", "revision_date": "2026-05-23", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "A suitable human or formulation-specific value is unknown or unresolved. Do not treat this record as an established human half-life." }, { "id": "hlc:epitalon", "name": "Epitalon", "aliases": [ "Epithalon", "Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly", "Epithalamin-derived" ], "category": "longevity", "half_life_statement": "No published human PK data — community estimate", "value_classification": "unknown_or_unresolved", "administration_routes": "SC / Intranasal", "evidence_tier": "preclinical", "evidence_label": "Preclinical, inferred, community, or unresolved source", "source_summary": "Khavinson lab publications; No published human PK — community estimate", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14523363/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:epitalon:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/epitalon/#ref1", "citation_text": "[1] Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003;135(6):590–592. See also: Khavinson VK et al. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(3-4):233–240. PubMed: Khavinson longevity peptides", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14523363/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/epitalon/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/epitalon/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-epitalon", "revision_date": "2026-05-22", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "A suitable human or formulation-specific value is unknown or unresolved. Do not treat this record as an established human half-life." }, { "id": "hlc:ghk-cu", "name": "GHK-Cu", "aliases": [ "Copper peptide", "Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺" ], "category": "recovery", "half_life_statement": "Human pharmacokinetic half-life unknown", "value_classification": "unknown_or_unresolved", "administration_routes": "Topical; systemic routes lack suitable human PK evidence", "evidence_tier": "preclinical", "evidence_label": "Preclinical, inferred, community, or unresolved source", "source_summary": "Pickart et al. review, PMID 18690916; no suitable human PK half-life source documented", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18690916/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:ghk-cu:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ghk-cu/#ref1", "citation_text": "Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK peptide as a natural modulator of multiple cellular pathways in skin regeneration. Curr Aging Sci. 2008;1(3):200-209. PMID 18690916. Open PubMed record .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18690916/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ghk-cu:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ghk-cu/#ref2", "citation_text": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Cosmetics and U.S. Law. FDA explains cosmetic and drug definitions and that cosmetics generally are not pre-approved, except certain color additives. Open FDA page .", "external_urls": [ "https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/cosmetics-us-law" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ghk-cu/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ghk-cu/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-ghk-cu", "revision_date": "2026-06-12", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "A suitable human or formulation-specific value is unknown or unresolved. Do not treat this record as an established human half-life." }, { "id": "hlc:ghrp-2", "name": "GHRP-2", "aliases": [ "Pralmorelin", "Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide 2" ], "category": "growth_hormone", "half_life_statement": "~33 min (β t½ after 1 µg/kg IV)", "value_classification": "reported_human_or_label_value", "administration_routes": "SC / IV / Intranasal", "evidence_tier": "clinical", "evidence_label": "Published human or clinical source", "source_summary": "Pihoker et al., JCEM 1998, PMID 9543135", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1719336/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:ghrp-2:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ghrp-2/#ref1", "citation_text": "Bowers CY, Sartor AO, Reynolds GA, Badger TM. On the actions of the growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide, GHRP. Endocrinology. 1991;128(4):2027–2035. PMID: 1719336", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1719336/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ghrp-2:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ghrp-2/#ref2", "citation_text": "Bowers CY, Momany FA, Reynolds GA, Hong A. On the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new synthetic hexapeptide that acts on the pituitary to specifically release growth hormone. Endocrinology. 1984;114(5):1537–1545. PMID: 6144800", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6144800/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ghrp-2:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ghrp-2/#ref3", "citation_text": "Peñalva A, Carballo A, Pombo M, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C. Effect of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH), atropine, pyridostigmine, or hypoglycemia on GHRP-induced GH secretion in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;78(1):246–251. 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PMID 20033832", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20033832/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-degludec/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-degludec/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-insulin-degludec", "revision_date": "2026-05-23", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-detemir", "name": "Insulin — Detemir", "aliases": [ "Levemir" ], "category": "insulin", "half_life_statement": "~5–7h SC; duration up to 24h", "value_classification": "estimate_or_nonhuman", "administration_routes": "SC", "evidence_tier": "fda", "evidence_label": "FDA-approved product or prescribing-label source", "source_summary": "FDA NDA 021536 (Levemir)", "primary_source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/021536s037lbl.pdf", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:insulin-detemir:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-detemir/#ref1", "citation_text": "FDA. NDA 021536 — Levemir (insulin detemir injection) Prescribing Information. Novo Nordisk. Approved June 2005. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/021536s037lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-detemir:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-detemir/#ref2", "citation_text": "Plank J, Bodenlenz M, Sinner F, et al. A double-blind, randomized, dose-response study investigating the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the long-acting insulin analog detemir. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(5):1107–1112. PMID 15983327", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15983327/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-detemir:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-detemir/#ref3", "citation_text": "Thevis M, Thomas A, Schänzer W. Insulin. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2010;(195):209–226. PMID 20033832", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20033832/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-detemir/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-detemir/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-insulin-detemir", "revision_date": "2026-05-23", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-glargine", "name": "Insulin — Glargine", "aliases": [ "Lantus", "Basaglar", "Toujeo" ], "category": "insulin", "half_life_statement": "Duration ~24h; peakless — depot-driven kinetics", "value_classification": "estimate_or_nonhuman", "administration_routes": "SC", "evidence_tier": "fda", "evidence_label": "FDA-approved product or prescribing-label source", "source_summary": "FDA NDA 021081 (Lantus)", "primary_source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/021081s067lbl.pdf", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:insulin-glargine:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-glargine/#ref1", "citation_text": "FDA. Lantus (insulin glargine injection) Prescribing Information. NDA 021081. Sanofi-Aventis. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov NDA 021081 . Originally approved April 2000.", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/021081s067lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-glargine:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-glargine/#ref2", "citation_text": "Heise T, et al. Lower within-subject variability of insulin detemir in comparison to NPH insulin and insulin glargine in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53(6):1614–1620. PMID 15161770 . [See also: Heise T, Nosek L, et al. Insulin glargine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in subjects with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(2):254–259. PMID 11815489 .]", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15161770/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815489/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-glargine:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-glargine/#ref3", "citation_text": "Lepore M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analogue glargine, NPH insulin, and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro. Diabetes. 2000;49(12):2142–2148. PMID 11118018 .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11118018/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-glargine:source:ref4", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-glargine/#ref4", "citation_text": "FDA. Toujeo (insulin glargine injection 300 units/mL) Prescribing Information. NDA 205692. Sanofi-Aventis. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov NDA 205692 . Approved February 2015.", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/205692lbl.pdf" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-glargine/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-glargine/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-insulin-glargine", "revision_date": "2026-05-23", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-nph", "name": "Insulin — NPH", "aliases": [ "Humulin N", "Novolin N", "Isophane insulin" ], "category": "insulin", "half_life_statement": "Onset 1–3h; duration up to 24h", "value_classification": "estimate_or_nonhuman", "administration_routes": "SC only (never IV)", "evidence_tier": "fda", "evidence_label": "FDA-approved product or prescribing-label source", "source_summary": "FDA NDA 018781 (Humulin N)", "primary_source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/018781s113lbl.pdf", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:insulin-nph:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-nph/#ref1", "citation_text": "FDA. Humulin N (NPH, Human Insulin [rDNA origin] Isophane Suspension) Prescribing Information. Eli Lilly and Company. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov — Humulin N .", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/018781s113lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-nph:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-nph/#ref2", "citation_text": "FDA. Novolin N (NPH, Human Insulin Isophane Suspension) Prescribing Information. Novo Nordisk. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov — Novolin N .", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/019959s046lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-nph:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-nph/#ref3", "citation_text": "Lepore M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analogue glargine, NPH insulin, and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro. Diabetes. 2000;49(12):2142–2148. PMID 11118018 .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11118018/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-nph/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-nph/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-insulin-nph", "revision_date": "2026-05-23", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-rapid", "name": "Insulin — Rapid Acting", "aliases": [ "Lispro / Humalog", "Aspart / NovoLog", "Glulisine / Apidra" ], "category": "insulin", "half_life_statement": "~42–81 min SC; duration ~5h", "value_classification": "estimate_or_nonhuman", "administration_routes": "SC / IV / Insulin pump", "evidence_tier": "fda", "evidence_label": "FDA-approved product or prescribing-label source", "source_summary": "FDA NDA 020563 / 020986 / 021629", "primary_source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020563s115lbl.pdf", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:insulin-rapid:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-rapid/#ref1", "citation_text": "FDA. Humalog (insulin lispro injection) Prescribing Information. NDA 020563. Eli Lilly and Company. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov NDA 020563 . Originally approved 1996.", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020563s115lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-rapid:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-rapid/#ref2", "citation_text": "FDA. Novolog (insulin aspart injection) Prescribing Information. NDA 020986. Novo Nordisk. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov NDA 020986 . Originally approved 2000.", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020986s077lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-rapid:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-rapid/#ref3", "citation_text": "FDA. Apidra (insulin glulisine injection) Prescribing Information. NDA 021629. Sanofi-Aventis. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov NDA 021629 . Originally approved 2004.", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/021629s033lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-rapid:source:ref4", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-rapid/#ref4", "citation_text": "Mudaliar SR, et al. Insulin aspart (B28 Asp-Insulin): a fast-acting analog of human insulin. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(9):1501–1506. PMID 10480514 .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10480514/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-rapid/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-rapid/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-insulin-rapid", "revision_date": "2026-05-23", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-regular", "name": "Insulin — Regular", "aliases": [ "Humulin R", "Novolin R" ], "category": "insulin", "half_life_statement": "Duration ~8h SC; ~4–6 min IV elimination", "value_classification": "estimate_or_nonhuman", "administration_routes": "SC / IV", "evidence_tier": "fda", "evidence_label": "FDA-approved product or prescribing-label source", "source_summary": "FDA NDA 018780 (Humulin R)", "primary_source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/018780s160lbl.pdf", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:insulin-regular:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-regular/#ref1", "citation_text": "FDA. Humulin R (insulin human injection, USP) Prescribing Information. Eli Lilly and Company. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov — Humulin R .", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/018780s160lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-regular:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-regular/#ref2", "citation_text": "FDA. Novolin R (insulin human injection, USP) Prescribing Information. Novo Nordisk. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov — Novolin R .", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/019938s058lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:insulin-regular:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-regular/#ref3", "citation_text": "Lepore M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analogue glargine, NPH insulin, and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro. Diabetes. 2000;49(12):2142–2148. PMID 11118018 .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11118018/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-regular/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/insulin-regular/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-insulin-regular", "revision_date": "2026-05-23", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:ipamorelin", "name": "Ipamorelin", "aliases": [ "Ipamorelin acetate" ], "category": "growth_hormone", "half_life_statement": "~2h (animal estimate; human PK unknown)", "value_classification": "unknown_or_unresolved", "administration_routes": "SC (research context)", "evidence_tier": "preclinical", "evidence_label": "Preclinical, inferred, community, or unresolved source", "source_summary": "Raun et al., Eur J Endocrinol 1998, PMID 9855420 — animal and in-vitro evidence; human PK unknown", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9855420/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:ipamorelin:source:ref-exp-ipa-1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ipamorelin/#ref-exp-ipa-1", "citation_text": "Raun K, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Open PubMed record .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9855420/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ipamorelin:source:ref-exp-ipa-2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ipamorelin/#ref-exp-ipa-2", "citation_text": "FDA. Certain bulk drug substances for use in compounding that may present significant safety risks. Open FDA page .", "external_urls": [ "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ipamorelin:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ipamorelin/#ref1", "citation_text": "Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552–561. PMID 9855420.", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9855420/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ipamorelin:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ipamorelin/#ref2", "citation_text": "Smith RG. Development of growth hormone secretagogues. Endocr Rev. 2005;26(3):346–360. PMID 15814847.", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15814847/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ipamorelin:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ipamorelin/#ref3", "citation_text": "Ghigo E, Arvat E, Camanni F. Orally active growth hormone secretagogues: state of the art and clinical perspectives. Ann Med. 1998;30(2):159–168. PMID 9639967.", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9639967/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ipamorelin:source:ref4", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ipamorelin/#ref4", "citation_text": "Bowers CY. Growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP). Cell Mol Life Sci. 1998;54(12):1316–1329. PMID 9893725.", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9893725/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ipamorelin/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ipamorelin/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-ipamorelin", "revision_date": "2026-06-11", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "A suitable human or formulation-specific value is unknown or unresolved. Do not treat this record as an established human half-life." }, { "id": "hlc:kpv", "name": "KPV", "aliases": [ "α-MSH 11-13", "Lys-Pro-Val" ], "category": "recovery", "half_life_statement": "Short (no formal human data)", "value_classification": "unknown_or_unresolved", "administration_routes": "Oral / SC / Topical", "evidence_tier": "preclinical", "evidence_label": "Preclinical, inferred, community, or unresolved source", "source_summary": "PMC2095288; No published human PK", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21172242/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:kpv:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/kpv/#ref1", "citation_text": "[1] Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. J Crohns Colitis. 2008;2(3):238–248. PMID 21172242. PMID 21172242", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21172242/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/kpv/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/kpv/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-kpv", "revision_date": "2026-05-19", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "A suitable human or formulation-specific value is unknown or unresolved. Do not treat this record as an established human half-life." }, { "id": "hlc:ll-37", "name": "LL-37", "aliases": [ "Cathelicidin", "hCAP-18 fragment" ], "category": "recovery", "half_life_statement": "Minutes (proteolytic degradation)", "value_classification": "estimate_or_nonhuman", "administration_routes": "SC / Topical", "evidence_tier": "preclinical", "evidence_label": "Preclinical, inferred, community, or unresolved source", "source_summary": "No published human PK trial", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22677462/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:ll-37:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ll-37/#ref1", "citation_text": "Vandamme D, Landuyt B, Luyten W, Schoofs L. \"A comprehensive summary of LL-37, the factotum human cathelicidin peptide.\" Cell Immunol. 2012;280(1):22–35. PMID: 22677462", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22677462/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ll-37:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ll-37/#ref2", "citation_text": "Mookherjee N, Anderson MA, Haagsman HP, Davidson DJ. \"Antimicrobial host defence peptides: functions and clinical potential.\" Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020;19(5):311–332. PMID: 32107480", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32107480/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ll-37:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ll-37/#ref3", "citation_text": "Hancock REW, Haney EF, Gill EE. \"The immunology of host defence peptides: beyond antimicrobial activity.\" Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(5):321–334. PMID: 27087664", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27087664/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ll-37:source:ref4", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ll-37/#ref4", "citation_text": "Pfalzgraff A, Brandenburg K, Weindl G. \"Antimicrobial peptides and their therapeutic potential for bacterial skin infections and wounds.\" Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:281. PMID: 29643807", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29643807/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:ll-37:source:ref5", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ll-37/#ref5", "citation_text": "Dean SN, Bishop BM, van Hoek ML. \"Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm to alpha-helical peptides: D-enantiomer of LL-37.\" Front Microbiol. 2011;2:128. PMID: 21747787", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21747787/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ll-37/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/ll-37/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-ll-37", "revision_date": "2026-05-19", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:mk-677", "name": "MK-677 / Ibutamoren", "aliases": [ "Ibutamoren", "Nutrobal", "L-163,191" ], "category": "growth_hormone", "half_life_statement": "~24h", "value_classification": "reported_human_or_label_value", "administration_routes": "Oral", "evidence_tier": "clinical", "evidence_label": "Published human or clinical source", "source_summary": "Chapman et al., JCEM 1996, PMID 8954022", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8707253/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:mk-677:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mk-677/#ref1", "citation_text": "Chapman IM, Bach MA, Van Cauter E, et al. Stimulation of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor I axis by daily oral administration of a GH secretogogue (MK-677) in healthy elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(12):4249–4257. PMID: 8707253", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8707253/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:mk-677:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mk-677/#ref2", "citation_text": "Smith RG, Pong SS, Hickey G, et al. Modulation of pulsatile GH release through a novel receptor in hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1996;51:261–286. See also: Smith RG et al. A powerful new model for GH secretagogue receptor characterization. Science. 1997;277(5327):805–808. PMID: 8985207", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8985207/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:mk-677:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mk-677/#ref3", "citation_text": "Nass R, Pezzoli SS, Oliveri MC, et al. Effects of an oral ghrelin mimetic on body composition and clinical outcomes in healthy older adults: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(9):601–611. PMID: 18936500", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18936500/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:mk-677:source:ref4", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mk-677/#ref4", "citation_text": "Murphy MG, Plunkett LM, Gertz BJ, et al. MK-677, an orally active growth hormone secretagogue, reverses diet-induced catabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;83(2):320–325. PMID: 11600558", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11600558/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:mk-677:source:ref5", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mk-677/#ref5", "citation_text": "Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW. The Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Secretagogues. Sex Med Rev. 2018;6(1):45–53. PMID: 28634928", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28634928/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mk-677/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mk-677/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-mk-677", "revision_date": "unknown", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This is a population-level source statement, not a measured concentration or individualized prediction." }, { "id": "hlc:mots-c", "name": "MOTS-c", "aliases": [ "Mitochondrial-derived peptide", "Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c" ], "category": "longevity", "half_life_statement": "~1–4h (preclinical estimate)", "value_classification": "estimate_or_nonhuman", "administration_routes": "SC", "evidence_tier": "preclinical", "evidence_label": "Preclinical, inferred, community, or unresolved source", "source_summary": "PMC9905433; biorxiv 2019.12.22.886432 — No published human PK data", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:mots-c:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mots-c/#ref1", "citation_text": "Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, Sallam T, Martin-Montalvo A, Wan J, Kim SJ, Mehta H, Hevener AL, de Cabo R, Cohen P. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metab . 2015;21(3):443-454. PMID 25738459", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:mots-c:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mots-c/#ref2", "citation_text": "Kim KH, Son JM, Benayoun BA, Lee C. The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress. Cell Metab . 2018;28(3):516-524. PMID 30017357", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30017357/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:mots-c:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mots-c/#ref3", "citation_text": "Kim SJ, Mehta HH, Wan J, Kuehnemann C, Chen J, Hu JF, Hoffman AR, Cohen P. Mitochondrial peptides are associated with longevity and decrease in the elderly. Aging (Albany NY) . 2019;11(6):1975-1986. PMID 30911685", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30911685/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:mots-c:source:ref4", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mots-c/#ref4", "citation_text": "Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodhead JST, Joly JH, Mann CJ, Kim YC, Victoria B, Liu C, Bass M, Bhaga S, Kim SJ, Rankin L, Cohen P, Lee C. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nat Commun . 2021;12(1):470. PMID 33469016", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33469016/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:mots-c:source:ref5", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mots-c/#ref5", "citation_text": "Cobb LJ, Lee C, Xiao J, Yen K, Wong RG, Nakamura HK, Mehta HH, Gao Q, Ashur C, Huffman DM, Wan J, Muzumdar R, Barzilai N, Cohen P. Naturally occurring mitochondrial-derived peptides are age-dependent regulators of apoptosis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory markers. Aging (Albany NY) . 2016;8(4):796-809. PMID 27070252", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27070252/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mots-c/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/mots-c/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-mots-c", "revision_date": "2026-05-22", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:nad-injectable", "name": "NAD+ (Injectable)", "aliases": [ "Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide IV", "NAD+ IV infusion" ], "category": "longevity", "half_life_statement": "No formal human plasma t½ published", "value_classification": "unknown_or_unresolved", "administration_routes": "IV / SC", "evidence_tier": "preclinical", "evidence_label": "Preclinical, inferred, community, or unresolved source", "source_summary": "Grant et al., Front Aging Neurosci 2019, PMC6751327 — Plasma NAD+ rose only after ≥2h of IV infusion", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27511844/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:nad-injectable:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/nad-injectable/#ref1", "citation_text": "[1] Trammell SA, et al. Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in healthy humans. Nat Commun. 2016;7:12948. PMID 27511844. PMID 27511844", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27511844/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/nad-injectable/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/nad-injectable/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-nad-injectable", "revision_date": "2026-05-22", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "A suitable human or formulation-specific value is unknown or unresolved. Do not treat this record as an established human half-life." }, { "id": "hlc:oxytocin", "name": "Oxytocin", "aliases": [ "Pitocin", "Syntocinon" ], "category": "trt", "half_life_statement": "~1–6 min", "value_classification": "reported_human_or_label_value", "administration_routes": "IV / IM (label); SC / Intranasal (off-label)", "evidence_tier": "fda", "evidence_label": "FDA-approved product or prescribing-label source", "source_summary": "FDA NDA 018261 (Pitocin)", "primary_source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/018261s030lbl.pdf", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:oxytocin:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/oxytocin/#ref1", "citation_text": "FDA. Pitocin (oxytocin) Prescribing Information. JHP Pharmaceuticals. Available at: FDA accessdata.fda.gov", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/018261s030lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:oxytocin:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/oxytocin/#ref2", "citation_text": "Neumann ID, Landgraf R. Balance of Brain Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Implications for Anxiety, Depression, and Social Behaviours. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012;13(8):524–537. PMID 22903776", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22903776/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:oxytocin:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/oxytocin/#ref3", "citation_text": "Veening JG, Olivier B. Intranasal Administration of Oxytocin: Behavioral and Clinical Effects, a Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37(8):1445–1465. PMID 23867355", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23867355/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/oxytocin/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/oxytocin/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-oxytocin", "revision_date": "2026-05-23", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This is a population-level source statement, not a measured concentration or individualized prediction." }, { "id": "hlc:peg-mgf", "name": "PEG-MGF", "aliases": [ "Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor", "IGF-1Ec PEGylated" ], "category": "recovery", "half_life_statement": "~24h (PEGylated; native MGF ~5–7 min)", "value_classification": "estimate_or_nonhuman", "administration_routes": "SC / IM", "evidence_tier": "preclinical", "evidence_label": "Preclinical, inferred, community, or unresolved source", "source_summary": "Goldspink, Exp Physiol; No published human PK study", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12413444/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:peg-mgf:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/peg-mgf/#ref1", "citation_text": "[1] Yang SY, Goldspink G. Different roles of the IGF-I Ec peptide (MGF) and mature IGF-I in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. FEBS Lett. 2002;522(1-3):156–160. PMID 12413444. PMID 12413444", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12413444/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/peg-mgf/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/peg-mgf/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-peg-mgf", "revision_date": "2026-05-22", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:pt-141", "name": "PT-141 / Bremelanotide", "aliases": [ "Vyleesi", "Bremelanotide" ], "category": "sexual_health", "half_life_statement": "~2.7h SC (range 1.9–4.0h)", "value_classification": "reported_human_or_label_value", "administration_routes": "SC", "evidence_tier": "fda", "evidence_label": "FDA-approved product or prescribing-label source", "source_summary": "FDA NDA 210557 (Vyleesi prescribing information, 2019)", "primary_source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2019/210557Orig1s000TOC.cfm", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:pt-141:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/pt-141/#ref1", "citation_text": "FDA. NDA 210557 — Vyleesi (bremelanotide) Prescribing Information. Palatin Technologies / AMAG Pharmaceuticals. Approved June 2019. FDA accessdata.fda.gov", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2019/210557Orig1s000TOC.cfm" ] }, { "id": "hlc:pt-141:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/pt-141/#ref2", "citation_text": "Clayton AH, et al. Bremelanotide for Female Sexual Dysfunctions in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Finding Trial. Womens Health (Lond). 2016;12(3):325–337. PMID 26944463", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26944463/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:pt-141:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/pt-141/#ref3", "citation_text": "Simon JA, et al. Bremelanotide for Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):899–908. PMID 31599845", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599845/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/pt-141/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/pt-141/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-pt-141", "revision_date": "2026-05-23", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This is a population-level source statement, not a measured concentration or individualized prediction." }, { "id": "hlc:retatrutide", "name": "Retatrutide", "aliases": [ "LY3437943" ], "category": "metabolic", "half_life_statement": "~144h (6 days)", "value_classification": "reported_human_or_label_value", "administration_routes": "SC", "evidence_tier": "clinical", "evidence_label": "Published human or clinical source", "source_summary": "Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2023", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:retatrutide:source:ref-exp-reta-1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/retatrutide/#ref-exp-reta-1", "citation_text": "Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. Open PubMed record .", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:retatrutide:source:ref-exp-reta-2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/retatrutide/#ref-exp-reta-2", "citation_text": "Eli Lilly. 2026 TRIUMPH-1 Phase 3 results announcement. Open sponsor source .", "external_urls": [ "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-delivered-weight-loss-average" ] }, { "id": "hlc:retatrutide:source:ref-exp-reta-3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/retatrutide/#ref-exp-reta-3", "citation_text": "Lilly Trials. Retatrutide study listing. Open trial record .", "external_urls": [ "https://trials.lilly.com/en-US/trial/405675" ] }, { "id": "hlc:retatrutide:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/retatrutide/#ref1", "citation_text": "Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514–526. PMID 37366315 . DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972.", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:retatrutide:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/retatrutide/#ref2", "citation_text": "Eli Lilly and Company. Retatrutide delivered up to approximately 28% mean weight loss in the pivotal Phase 3 TRIUMPH-1 obesity trial. Investor press release, 2026. investor.lilly.com .", "external_urls": [ "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-delivered-weight-loss-average" ] }, { "id": "hlc:retatrutide:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/retatrutide/#ref3", "citation_text": "Eli Lilly and Company. Retatrutide (LY3437943) TRIUMPH Phase 3 program. ClinicalTrials.gov . 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Selank inhibition of the enkephalin-degrading enzymes. CNS Drug Rev. 2001;7(3):300-310. PMID: 11607048.", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11607048/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:selank:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/selank/#ref2", "citation_text": "Semenova TP, Kozlovskaya MM, Zuikov AV, Zueva KA, Gudasheva TA. Selank's effect on cognitive deficit produced by central cholinergic blockade. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2010;148(4):601-603. PMID: 21234388.", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21234388/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:selank:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/selank/#ref3", "citation_text": "Kozlovskaya MM, Kozlovskiy IV, Markina NV, Khalilov RA. Experimental anxiolytic properties of selank in preclinical studies. Dokl Biol Sci. 2014;455(1):82-85. 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NDA 209637 — Ozempic (semaglutide) Clinical Pharmacology Review. Available at: accessdata.fda.gov . Approved December 2017.", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/209637Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:semaglutide:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/semaglutide/#ref2", "citation_text": "FDA. NDA 213051 — Wegovy (semaglutide 2.4 mg) Prescribing Information. Approved June 2021.", "external_urls": [] }, { "id": "hlc:semaglutide:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/semaglutide/#ref3", "citation_text": "FDA. NDA 213182 — Rybelsus (oral semaglutide) Clinical Pharmacology Review. Approved September 2019.", "external_urls": [] }, { "id": "hlc:semaglutide:source:ref4", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/semaglutide/#ref4", "citation_text": "Lau J, et al. Discovery of the Once-Weekly Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Analogue Semaglutide. J Med Chem. 2015;58(18):7370–7380. PMID 26308095.", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26308095/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:semaglutide:source:ref5", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/semaglutide/#ref5", "citation_text": "Marso SP, et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN-6). N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834–1844. PMID 27633186.", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27633186/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:semaglutide:source:ref6", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/semaglutide/#ref6", "citation_text": "Lincoff AM, et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (SELECT). N Engl J Med. 2023;389(24):2221–2232. 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PMID 11329082", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11329082/" ] } ], "record_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/semax/", "citation_summary_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/semax/#citation-summary", "dataset_anchor_url": "https://halflife-labs.com/data/#record-semax", "revision_date": "2026-05-23", "dataset_revision_date": "2026-06-13", "author": { "id": "https://halflife-labs.com/#organization", "name": "Halflife Labs" }, "scientific_review": { "status": "documented_on_record_page", "reviewer_id": "https://halflife-labs.com/about/#reviewer", "reviewer_name": "Ismail Soliman, PhD", "scope": "Source and terminology review of selected pharmacokinetic content; not medical advice or independent app validation." }, "limitation": "This value is estimated, inferred, or derived from nonhuman or lower-confidence evidence and cannot be assumed to apply to an individual human." }, { "id": "hlc:sermorelin", "name": "Sermorelin", "aliases": [ "Geref (withdrawn 2008)", "GHRH 1-29" ], "category": "growth_hormone", "half_life_statement": "~11–12 min", "value_classification": "reported_human_or_label_value", "administration_routes": "SC", "evidence_tier": "clinical", "evidence_label": "Published human or clinical source", "source_summary": "Former Geref prescribing label; FDA Federal Register 2013-04827 (commercial withdrawal, not safety)", "primary_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18031173/", "citations": [ { "id": "hlc:sermorelin:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/sermorelin/#ref1", "citation_text": "Prakash A, Goa KL. Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. BioDrugs. 1999;12(2):139–157. PubMed", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18031173/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:sermorelin:source:ref2", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/sermorelin/#ref2", "citation_text": "Walker RF. Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency? Nutrients. 2021;13(2):525. PMID 33917196", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33917196/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:sermorelin:source:ref3", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/sermorelin/#ref3", "citation_text": "Alba M, Fintini D, Bowers CY, Parlow AF, Salvatori R. Effects of long-term treatment with growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on growth hormone deficient dwarf mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;290(6):E1006–14. PMID 16613075", "external_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16613075/" ] }, { "id": "hlc:sermorelin:source:ref4", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/sermorelin/#ref4", "citation_text": "Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799–805. 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Research on SLU-PP-332 as an ERRα/γ agonist and exercise mimetic. 2023. Principal investigator: Zuercher WJ and collaborators. 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Elamipretide Improves Mitochondrial Function in the Failing Human Heart. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2019;4(2):147–157. PMID 30898597. 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Depo-Testosterone (testosterone cypionate injection) prescribing information, NDA 009166. Open FDA label .", "external_urls": [ "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/009166s068lbl.pdf" ] }, { "id": "hlc:testosterone-cypionate:source:ref1", "page_anchor": "https://halflife-labs.com/compounds/testosterone-cypionate/#ref1", "citation_text": "FDA. Depo-Testosterone prescribing information. The approximately eight-day statement is presented in the pharmacokinetics section for intramuscular injection. 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